The ancient Spice Route positioned Aceh as a vital cosmopolitan entrepôt at the gate of the Malacca Strait. Aceh produced top-quality black pepper from plantations across Sumatra.
The free port of Banda Aceh guaranteed safety for Arab, Gujarati, Persian, and Chinese traders. The wealth generated from this spice monopoly funded Aceh's military defense and scientific-theological institutions, defying the Portuguese trade monopoly.
History
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