Teungku Chik di Tiro (Muhammad Saman) was a charismatic Islamic scholar who launched the Holy War (Perang Sabil) against the Dutch. He unified the ulama and noble factions, establishing the Perang Sabil Endowment.
His forces liberated key strongholds in Pidie and Aceh Besar, forcing the Dutch into a defensive stance behind city walls. Dutch agents eventually bribed a turncoat to poison him at the Aneuk Galong fortress in 1891.
History
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